This paper discusses the results of dynamic stochastic analyses and long-term extreme response estimates of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) connected to a semi-submersible platform considering future climate change scenarios for two locations: South East Brazilian Coast and North Atlantic Ocean. These possible impacts will depend on the structure life span, structure geographic location and climate change scenario assessed, among other aspects. These changes will possibly cause some impact on the structural responses of ships and offshore structures, more specifically fatigue damage accumulation and extreme responses. Climate change will alter the metocean data used for design purposes. There is concern about how climate change will influence human activities, including offshore engineering. To minimise losses requires closer involvement of policy makers with operators.Ĭlimate change is a topic discussed worldwide. Calculating and applying vessel experience factors assists comparison and loss prediction. Empirical evidence revealed reduced losses in double hull vessels, supporting clingage theories, although insufficient pre-1985 or segregated ballast tank vessels were in employment to permit meaningful comparisons with newer ships.
Varying losses across load and discharge ports infer revisions to tank and terminal designs. Where sediment and water content influenced losses or error rates are exceptional, measurement techniques should be revised. Losses varied with crude-type, measured by its vapour pressure, API gravity and viscosity, but evaporative loss in transit was low on these short voyages. It categorises them, discusses physical and accounting measures and reports empirically crude oil loss patterns and factors influencing them on some recent North Sea voyages.
This paper invites energy policy makers to re-embrace daily oil losses. Catastrophic crude oil spills excite media interest but operators usually manage greater losses from daily shipping operations single-handed.
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